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| Risk of Disease and Serious Complications | Risk of Serious Reaction From Being Immunized |
Haemophilus B (Hib disease):
Before Hib vaccine, 1 in 200 children developed meningitis or other invasive Hib disease by age five. Was leading cause of bacterial meningitis. 60% of cases in less than one year old children.
- Death: 1 in 20 children with invasive
Hib disease.
- Neurologic damage: 19 to 45 in 100 children with invasive Hib disease.
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Hib vaccine: None proven |
Measles:
Prior to the introduction of vaccine, 400,000 reported cases per year. In 1989-91 epidemic: 55,622 cases due to large number unimmunized children, 45% less than 5 years old; 20% hospitalized, 123 deaths.
- Pneumonia: 1 in 20
- Encephalitis(brain fever): 1 in 2000
- Thrombocytopenia: 1 in 6,000
- Death: 1 in 3000
Mumps:
Cases 3,000-5,000 per year
- Encephalitis: 1 in 300
- Testicular swelling: 1 in 5 adults;
- Deafness: 1 in 20,000
- Death: 1 in 3000 to 1 in 10,000
Rubella:
1.2 million cases; in 1964-65, 2,100 infant deaths, 11,250 abortions, 20,000 cases nervous system disorders.
- Arthritis: 7 in 10 adults
- Thrombocytopenia: 1 in 3,000
- Congenital Rubella Syndrome (deafness, cataracts, mental retardation) in 1 in 4 infants if women infected in early pregnancy.
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MMR Vaccine:
Thrombocytopenia (bleeding tendency from decreased blood platlets): 1 in 100,000
Measles:
Severe allergic reaction: less than 1 in 1,000,000.
Mumps:
None proven
Rubella:
Arthritis (usually temporary)
1 in 10-20 adults
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Polio:
38,000 cases per year prior to vaccine; 21,000 cases with paralysis. 58,000 cases in 1952. During 1970s,
several outbreaks in non-immunized populations, none in U.S. since 1979.
- Permanent paralysis: 1 in 100
- Death: 1 in 20 children and 1 in 4 adults with paralytic polio.
| Oral Polio Vaccine:
Permanent paralysis: 1 in 2,500,000 doses
Inactivated Polio Vaccine: None proven
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Diphtheria:
outbreak In Washington State during 1970s; 40 cases in U.S. 1980-93. With decreased immunizations in Russia, 15,000 cases in early 1990s.
Tetanus:
50-100 cases per year, greater than 500,000 deaths per year worldwide.
Pertussis (Whooping Cough):
251 cases in King County in 1995. 69% of all U.S cases less than 5 years old, 45% in less than 12 months old children. Many infants hospitalized.
- Pneumonia: 1 in 8
- Convulsions/seizures: 1 in 100
- Death: 1 in 500
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DTP Vaccine
Diphtheria:
None proven
Tetanus:
Severe neuritis or severe allergic reaction: 1 in 1,000,000
Pertussis:
- Convulsions or seizures: 1 in 1,750.
- Prolonged crying with high fever, full recovery: 1 in
- 100 Acute Encephalopathy: less than 1 in 100,000
NOTE- Studies have found no evidence that pertussis vaccine causes SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) or encephalitis leading to permanent brain damage or death.
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Hepatitis B:
Nine of 10 infants infected at birth will become lifelong carriers of the disease, and one out of four of these infants will ultimately die of liver failure. Estimated number of persons infected each year in U.S.: 200,000-300,000
- Hospitalizations per year: 15,000
- Deaths: 5,900
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Hepatitis B Vaccine: None proven
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